US researchers crack solid-state battery puzzle for powerful EVs with longer ranges
The researchers used a sophisticated imaging technique, 4D STEM, to examine the atomic structure.
Researchers at the University of Missouri (Mizzou) have tackled a long-standing challenge in the development of solid-state batteries.
Solid-state batteries, which replace the flammable liquid electrolyte found in traditional lithium-ion batteries with a solid material, offer a promising solution to the safety and performance limitations of current technology.
However, a major obstacle has been the formation of an interphase layer at the interface between the solid electrolyte and the cathode.
Assistant Professor Matthias Young, who led the research team, explained :
When the solid electrolyte touches the cathode, it reacts and forms an interphase layer that’s about 100 nanometers thick — 1,000 times smaller than the width of a single human hair,
“This layer blocks the lithium ions and electrons from moving easily, increasing resistance and hurting battery performance.”
Visualizing problems with 4D STEM
The Missouri researchers employed a cutting-edge technique known as four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM).
Young, said :
Using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM), the researchers examined the atomic structure of the battery without taking it apart — a revolutionary breakthrough for the field,
By examining the intricate details of the battery’s internal workings, the researchers were able to pinpoint the interphase layer as the primary culprit behind the performance degradation.
The team is now focused on developing innovative strategies to mitigate the negative effects of the interphase layer.
One promising approach involves the use of thin-film materials to create protective coatings that can shield the solid electrolyte and cathode from unwanted reactions. These coatings must be carefully engineered to be both thin enough to allow for efficient ion transport and thick enough to provide adequate protection.
highlighted Young,
The coatings need to be thin enough to prevent reactions but not so thick that they block lithium-ion flow,
“We aim to maintain the high-performance characteristics of the solid electrolyte and cathode materials. Our goal is to use these materials together without sacrificing their performance for the sake of compatibility.”
Research increases on solid-state batteries
The solid-state battery landscape has witnessed several developments.
Recently, a team of Chinese and German researchers made a significant breakthrough in lithium-sulfur battery technology. They have developed a battery that offers 25,000 charge cycles with 80% capacity retention.
Meanwhile, leading automakers have also been making big strides. In the latest development, Mercedes-Benz has unveiled the “world’s first” electric vehicle that is powered by solid-state batteries.
In another development, Toyota has worked on a new type of cathode material for all-solid-state batteries, which promises to double the range of EVs.
Now, by addressing the fundamental challenges associated with solid-state batteries, the Mizzou research team aims to create safer, more efficient, and longer-lasting energy storage solutions.
The team in a press release, concluded:
This carefully engineered approach at the nanoscale level will help ensure these materials work together seamlessly — making solid-state batteries one step closer to reality,
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US researchers crack solid-state battery puzzle for powerful EVs with longer ranges, source
